Activates Rho-GTPases by promoting the exchange of GDP forGTP. May be involved in epithelial barrier permeability, cell motilityand polarization, dendritic spine morphology, antigen presentation, leukemic cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, innate immuneresponse, and cancer. Binds Rac-GTPases, but does not seem to promotenucleotide exchange activity toward Rac-GTPases, which was uniquelyreported in. May stimulate instead the cortical activityof Rac. Inactive toward CDC42, TC10, or Ras-GTPases. Forms anintracellular sensing system along with NOD1 for the detection ofmicrobial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. Required forRHOA and RIP2 dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathways activation uponS. flexneri cell invasion. Involved not only in sensing peptidoglycan (PGN) -derived muropeptides through NOD1 that is independent of its GEFactivity, but also in the activation of NF-kappaB by Shigella effectorproteins (IpgB2 and OspB) which requires its GEF activity and theactivation of RhoA. Involved in innate immune signaling transductionpathway promoting cytokine IL6/interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha secretion inmacrophage upon stimulation by bacterial peptidoglycans; acts as asignaling intermediate between NOD2 receptor and RIPK2 kinase. Contributes to the tyrosine phosphorylation of RIPK2 through Srctyrosine kinase leading to NF-kappaB activation by NOD2. Overexpressionactivates Rho-, but not Rac-GTPases, and increases paracellularpermeability. Involved in neuronal progenitor celldivision and differentiation. Involved in themigration of precerebellar neurons.

MSRIESLTRARIDRSRELASKTREKEKMKEAKDARYTNGHLFTTISVSGMTMCYACNKSITAKEALICPTCNVTIHNRCKDTLANCTKVKQKQQKAALLKNNTALQSVSLRSKTTIRERPSSAIYPSDSFRQSLLGSRRGRSSLSLAKSVSTTNIAGHFNDESPLGLRRILSQSTDSLNMRNRTLSVESLIDEAEVIYSELMSDFEMDEKDFAADSWSLAVDSSFLQQHKKEVMKQQDVIYELIQTELHHVRTLKIMTRLFRTGMLEELHLEPGVVQGLFPCVDELSDIHTRFLSQLLERRRQALCPGSTRNFVIHRLGDLLISQFSGPSAEQMCKTYSEFCSRHSKALKLYKELYARDKRFQQFIRKVTRPAVLKRHGVQECILLVTQRITKYPLLISRILQHSHGIEEERQDLTTALGLVKELLSNVDEGIYQLEKGARLQEIYNRMDPRAQTPVPGKGPFGREELLRRKLIHDGCLLWKTATGRFKDVLVLLMTDVLVFLQEKDQKYIFPTLDKPSVVSLQNLIVRDIANQEKGMFLISAAPPEMYEVHTASRDDRSTWIRVIQQSVRTCPSREDFPLIETEDEAYLRRIKMELQQKDRALVELLREKVGLFAEMTHFQAEEDGGSGMALPTLPRGLFRSESLESPRGERLLQDAIREVEGLKDLLVGPGVELLLTPREPALPLEPDSGGNTSPGVTANGEARTFNGSIELCRADSDSSQRDRNGNQLRSPQEEALQRLVNLYGLLHGLQAAVAQQDTLMEARFPEGPERREKLCRANSRDGEAGRAGAAPVAPEKQATELALLQRQHALLQEELRRCRRLGEERATEAGSLEARLRESEQARALLEREAEEARRQLAALGQTEPLPAEAPWARRPVDPRRRSLPAGDALYLSFNPPQPSRGTDRLDLPVTTRSVHRNFEDRERQELGSPEERLQDSSDPDTGSEEEGSSRLSPPHSPRDFTRMQDIPEETESRDGEAVASES