Host Protein General Information (ID: PT0957)
  Protein Name
Methyltransferase-like protein 16 (METTL16)
  Gene Name
METTL16
  Host Species
Homo sapiens
  Uniprot Entry Name
MET16_HUMAN
  Protein Families
Methyltransferase superfamily
  EC Number
2.1.1.348; 2.1.1.346
  Subcellular Location
Nucleus Cytoplasm
  External Link
NCBI Gene ID
79066
Uniprot ID
Q86W50
Ensembl ID
ENSG00000127804
HGNC ID
HGNC:28484
  Function in Host
RNA N6-methyltransferase that methylates adenosine residuesat the N (6) position of a subset of RNAs and is involved in S-adenosyl-L-methionine homeostasis by regulating expression of MAT2A transcripts. Able to N6-methylate a subset of mRNAs and U6 smallnuclear RNAs (U6 snRNAs). In contrast to the METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer, only able to methylate a limited number of RNAs:requires both a 5'UACAGAGAA-3' nonamer sequence and a specific RNAstructure. Plays akey role in S-adenosyl-L-methionine homeostasis by mediating N6-methylation of MAT2A mRNAs, altering splicing of MAT2A transcripts: inpresence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine, binds the 3'-UTR region of MAT2AmRNA and specifically N6-methylates the first hairpin of MAT2A mRNA, preventing recognition of their 3'-splice site by U2AF1/U2AF35, therebyinhibiting splicing and protein production of S-adenosylmethioninesynthase. In S-adenosyl-L-methionine-limiting conditions, binds the 3'-UTR region of MAT2A mRNAbut stalls due to the lack of a methyl donor, preventing N6-methylationand promoting expression of MAT2A. In addition tomRNAs, also able to mediate N6-methylation of U6 small nuclear RNA (U6snRNA) : specifically N6-methylates adenine in position 43 of U6 snRNAs. Also able to bindvarious lncRNAs, such as 7SK snRNA (7SK RNA) or 7SL RNA. Specifically binds the 3'-end of the MALAT1 longnon-coding RNA. [1-5]
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  3D Structure

Function of This Protein During Virus Infection
Virus NameSARS-COV-2 Protein Function Anti-viral [6]
Infected TissueLung Infection Time7-9 Days
Infected CellCalu-3 Cells (Human epithelial cell line) Cellosaurus IDCVCL_0609 
Method DescriptionTo detect the role of host protein METTL16 in viral infection, METTL16 protein knockdown Calu-3 Cells were infected with SARS-COV-2 for 7 - 9 Days , and the effects on infection was detected through CRISPR-based genome-wide gene-knockout screen.
ResultsIt is reported that knockout of METTL16 increases SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels compared with control group.

 Full List of Virus RNA Interacting with This Protien
            RNA Region: Not Specified Virus Region (hCoV-19/England/02/2020 )
              RNA Region Details RNA Info Click to show the detail information of this RNA binding region [7]
              Strains Name
hCoV-19/England/02/2020
              Strains Family
Beta (B.1.351)
              RNA Binding Region
Not Specified Virus Region
              Virus Name
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
              Infection Cells Calu-3 cells (Human lung cancer cell)  (CVCL_0609 )
              Cell Originated Tissue Lung
              Infection Time 24 h
              Interaction Score P-adjust = 0.095
              Method Description UV protein-RNA crosslinking; RNA interactome capture (cRIC); RNA antisense purification coupled with mass spectrometry (RAP-MS)

Differential Gene Expression During SARS-COV-2 Infection
GEO Accession: GSE152641
Sample Type: Blood
Samples Details: Healthy Control: 24; COVID-19: 62
Platform: GPL24676 Illumina NovaSeq 6000
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GEO Accession: GSE162835
Sample Type: Nasopharyngeal Swabs
Samples Details: COVID-19 (Mild Symptoms): 37; COVID-19 (Moderate Symptoms): 10; COVID-19 (Severe Symptoms): 3
Platform: GPL24676 Illumina NovaSeq 6000
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GEO Accession: GSE175779
Sample Type: Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Samples Details: Healthy Control: 4 (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h); COVID-19: 4 (24, 48, 72 and 96 h)
Platform: GPL18573 Illumina NextSeq 500
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Protein Sequence Information
MALSKSMHARNRYKDKPPDFAYLASKYPDFKQHVQINLNGRVSLNFKDPEAVRALTCTLLREDFGLSIDIPLERLIPTVPLRLNYIHWVEDLIGHQDSDKSTLRRGIDIGTGASCIYPLLGATLNGWYFLATEVDDMCFNYAKKNVEQNNLSDLIKVVKVPQKTLLMDALKEESEIIYDFCMCNPPFFANQLEAKGVNSRNPRRPPPSSVNTGGITEIMAEGGELEFVKRIIHDSLQLKKRLRWYSCMLGKKCSLAPLKEELRIQGVPKVTYTEFCQGRTMRWALAWSFYDDVTVPSPPSKRRKLEKPRKPITFVVLASVMKELSLKASPLRSETAEGIVVVTTWIEKILTDLKVQHKRVPCGKEEVSLFLTAIENSWIHLRRKKRERVRQLREVPRAPEDVIQALEEKKPTPKESGNSQELARGPQERTPCGPALREGEAAAVEGPCPSQESLSQEENPEPTEDERSEEKGGVEVLESCQGSSNGAQDQEASEQFGSPVAERGKRLPGVAGQYLFKCLINVKKEVDDALVEMHWVEGQNRDLMNQLCTYIRNQIFRLVAVN
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References
1 Enzymatic characterization of three human RNA adenosine methyltransferases reveals diverse substrate affinities and reaction optima. J Biol Chem. Jan-Jun 2021;296:100270.
2 Splice site m 6 A methylation prevents binding of U2AF35 to inhibit RNA splicing. Cell. 2021 Jun 10;184(12):3125-3142.e25.
3 Methylation of Structured RNA by the m 6 A Writer METTL16 Is Essential for Mouse Embryonic Development. Mol Cell. 2018 Sep 20;71(6):986-1000.e11.
4 Structural Basis for Regulation of METTL16, an S-Adenosylmethionine Homeostasis Factor. Mol Cell. 2018 Sep 20;71(6):1001-1011.e4.
5 The U6 snRNA m 6 A Methyltransferase METTL16 Regulates SAM Synthetase Intron Retention. Cell. 2017 May 18;169(5):824-835.e14.
6 Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify GATA6 as a proviral host factor for SARS-CoV-2 via modulation of ACE2. Nat Commun. 2022 Apr 25;13(1):2237.
7 Global analysis of protein-RNA interactions in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells reveals key regulators of infection. Mol Cell. 2021 Jul 1;81(13):2851-2867.e7.